Which condition can lead to prolonged decelerations?

Prolonged decelerations in fetal heart rate can be a significant indicator of fetal distress, often reflecting inadequate oxygen supply due to complications such as profound placental insufficiency. This condition occurs when the placenta is unable to provide sufficient blood flow and nutrients to the fetus, leading to decreased fetal oxygenation. As a result, the fetus may experience stress and respond with prolonged decelerations in its heart rate.

Understanding the impact of placental insufficiency is crucial in fetal monitoring, as it directly correlates with the well-being of the fetus. Monitoring for prolonged decelerations allows healthcare providers to intervene appropriately to prevent adverse outcomes. In the context of this question, recognizing the severe implications of profound placental insufficiency helps underscore its role in causing prolonged decelerations, making it the correct choice.