What role do fetal capillaries play in the circulatory system?

Fetal capillaries play a crucial role in the circulatory system by transporting oxygen-rich blood to the umbilical vein. This is essential for fetal development, as the fetus relies on the placenta for oxygen and nutrient exchange with the mother. The oxygenated blood from the mother enters the placenta, where it is transferred to the fetal circulation through the umbilical vein.

This process enables the developing fetus to receive the oxygen and nutrients necessary for growth while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide and other waste products through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta, where they can be transferred to the maternal circulation for elimination. Understanding this pathway highlights the importance of the umbilical vein in ensuring that the fetus maintains a healthy oxygen supply for development.